Crazy Joe's Psych Notes

PSY101 First Day Discussion: requirements of the course, what is expected, and what materials are used. For more info on this topic visit http://psy101.MyUCCedu.com

What is Psychology? (Book) The scientific study of the overt and covert behavior of living organisms-with emphasis on animals and especially humans. (Along with the factors that influence each form of behavior.) The scientific Study of mental processes, behaviors, and other unseen process that go in inside the organism. (Study Guide and review sheet Number 1) What are the missions of Psychology? The field of Psychology as two primary missions: * To understand behavior in all its forms; * To predict its (behavior) course; * And perhaps control behavior. For more info on this topic visit http://psy101.MyUCCedu.com

Structuralism: (1st school of thought is psychology) an approach that emphasized breaking down consciousness and mental activity into structural components and analyzing them individually. Psychology was founded in 1879, when the first laboratory was established by WILHELM WUNDT at Leipzig University, in Leipzig Germany; some early psychologist who followed, including WILLIAM JAMES (the founder of modern psychology), were chiefly interested in studying human functioning via introspection.

A general school of thought that considers psychological phenomena in terms of their role in adaptation to the person's environment. 1889: William James established the first American school of psychology at Harvard University, call Functionalism. Functionalism: an approach that stressed how modern human thought might result from progressive adaptations our ancestors experienced.

Psychoanalysis is a body of knowledge developed by Sigmund Freud and his followers, devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior. It has three applications: 1. a method of investigation of the mind; 2. a systematized body of knowledge about human behavior; 3. a method of treatment of psychological or emotional illness. Under the broad umbrella of psychoanalysis there are at least 20 different theoretical orientations regarding the underlying theory of understanding of human mentation and human development. The various approaches in treatment called “psychoanalytic” vary as much as the different theories do. In addition, the term refers to a method of studying child development. Freudian psychoanalysis refers to a specific type of treatment in which the “analysand” (analytic patient) verbalizes thoughts, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams, from which the analyst formulates the unconscious conflicts causing the patient’s symptoms and character problems, and in

"Past, Present, and Promise" is the first program in the DISCOVERING PSYCHOLOGY series. It provides an introduction to and overview of psychology, from its origins in the nineteenth century to current study of the brain’s biochemistry. You’ll explore the development of psychology in general and some of the paths scientists take to determine relationships among the mind, the brain, and behavior. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes. Like many sciences, psychology has evolved with technology, giving doctors and researchers new tools to measure human behavior and analyze its causes. In this program, Dr. Mahzarin Banaji from Yale University uses the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to measure how quickly positive or negative values are associated with white or black faces. Her subjects are shown a series of words and pictures and instructed to respond immediately by pushing a button to indicate their most automatic, reflex-like reactions. For exa

For more info on this topic visit http://psy101.MyUCCedu.com

Psychoanalysis is a body of knowledge developed by Sigmund Freud and his followers, devoted to the study of human psychological functioning and behavior. It has three applications: 1. a method of investigation of the mind; 2. a systematized body of knowledge about human behavior; 3. a method of treatment of psychological or emotional illness. Under the broad umbrella of psychoanalysis there are at least 20 different theoretical orientations regarding the underlying theory of understanding of human mentation and human development. The various approaches in treatment called "psychoanalytic" vary as much as the different theories do. In addition, the term refers to a method of studying child development. Freudian psychoanalysis refers to a specific type of treatment in which the "analysand" (analytic patient) verbalizes thoughts, including free associations, fantasies, and dreams, from which the analyst formulates the unconscious conflicts causing the patient's symptoms and character problems, and in

Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory Psychoanalytic Theory holds that the human mind has three parts, or forces: 1. the unconscious mind, which includes the id, with its pleasure principle; 2. the conscious ego, with its reality principle; 3. And the often unconscious superego, with its morality principle. The primitive id contains the persons’ instinctive drives towards sensuality and aggression. Freud believed that human psychosexual development takes place in five stages: oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. The superego is acquired as a result of the Oedipus complex, which all children are assumed to undergo between ages 3 and 6. The central problem in mental disorders, according to classical psychoanalytic theory is anxiety. Id, Ego, and Superego Freud conceived of the human personality and mind as having three major components, which he called the id, the ego, and the superego. The Internal Battle The three parts of the mind are often in conflict, and Freud regarded this Intrapsychic conflict

What research methods do Psychologist use? In studying behavior, Psychologist employ naturalistic observation, interviews, case histories, questionnaires, surveys, standardized tests, physiological measures, correlation, and experiments. Observation Methods: Naturalistic Observation: a method of study in that involves observing behavior in normal, everyday settings. Participant observation: Psychologist that take an active part in a social situation, perhaps deliberate role playing to see how other people behave. Controlled/ Structured Observation: Survey Methods Questionnaire: a highly structured pencil and paper interview Structured Interview: An in-depth question and answer session in which an individual’s life or problems are probed. Case Histories: a compilation of the history of an individual based on the interviews and other sources of information. Survey (Telephone): The administration of a questionnaire to relatively large numbers of people. For more info on this topic visit http://psy101.

Modern Experimental Method: What is correlation and what does it tell us? Correlation: a statistical technique for describing the extent and direction of the relationship between pairs of scores on some measure. , does not indiact what causes what What can psychological experiments tell us? Experiments, which is psychology’s most powerful tool, assesses cause and effect through strictly controlled procedures and manipulations. Experiment: a careful and controlled study of cause and effect through manipulation of the conditions participants are exposed to. Internal Validity: the extent to which an experiment permits statements about cause and effect. External Validity: the extent to which an experiment applies to real-life behavior. STUDY CHART Methods Used in Psychological Research Observation: a research method in which events are observed and recorded as they occur; with out intervention. Naturalistic Observation: Observing behavior in everyday settings or in a laboratory; the observer attempts to be

Post Video 3: "Learning", Discovering Psychology Discussion of Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning. For more info on this topic visit http://psy101.MyUCCedu.com

Combining a remarkable intellect with penetrating insight, and what might best be described as astonishing literary talent, Sigmund Freud approached the study of human personality with fresh new insights, and the skills of an extremely well trained researcher. Freud pioneered the study of the human personality, and founded the modern specialty of personality psychology. Throughout his career, Freud sought to identify and trace the roots of personality, and to define the intricate relationship, and often-delicate balance between mental structures, personality components, societal pressures, and overt behavior. Sigmund Freud was born in 1856, the son of an unsuccessful wool merchant, in the small catholic town of Freiberg Austria, the north of Vienna, province of Moravia (then part of the Hungary Empire, now The Czech Republic). He was one of eight children, including two older half brothers from his fathers first marriage, the first born of his mother, Emilie (Sigmund was her favorite) and she expected great

Development of the Libido Freud termed the psychic (instinctual) energy needs associated with various regions of the body (erogenous zones), the Libido. The libido represents a combination of the major life (”Eros“) instincts which become invested in specific objects in the environment (object Cathexis). A particular type of “libidinal gratification” may come to assume a prominent role in an individual’s life. If the development of the child is normal and healthy, then the developing libido progresses in an orderly, predictable sequence, and investments and attachments undergo predictable changes. Initially, libidinal energy is centered on autocratic pleasure seeking, including stimulation of the mouth, followed by anal pleasures, and subsequently followed by autoerotic stimulation of the genital region. Gradually the libido then becomes invested in preferred objects and other people. With further development, the libido becomes invested in forming attachments to playmates, then friends of the same sex, tha

Stage 1: The Oral Stage, Birth - 18 months (approx.) Physical focus: mouth, lips tongue (sucking). Sucking is the primary source of pleasure for a newborn. Everything goes in the mouth. Sucking = food. Psychological theme: dependency. A baby is very dependent and can do little for itself. If babies needs properly fulfilled can move onto the next stage. But if not fulfilled baby will be mistrustful or over-fulfilled baby will find it hard to cope with a world that doesn’t meet all of his/her demands. Adult character: highly dependent/highly independent. If baby becomes fixated at this stage Freud felt that he or she would grow to be an oral character. Mostly these people are extremely dependent and passive people who want everything done for them. However Freud also suggests that another type of oral character is the person who is highly independent and that when under stress the orally fixated person may flip from one type to the other. This exemplifies Freud’s doctrine of opposites. For more info on this

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital A newborn baby, according to Freud, is bubbling with energy (libido; psychic energy). However, this energy is without focus or direction, which would not allow for survival. How, then, does the child develop the ability to control and direct his/her energy? Psychic energy is an important concept in Freudian psychology. The structure of the mind and development all revolve around how the individual attempts to deal with psychic energy. Raw libinal impulses provide the basic fuel that the mind runs on. But the vehicle (mind) needs to well-formed and well-tuned in order to get maximum energy. In order to understand development (and neuroses), then, we should “follow the energy” and see where it goes. As with physical energy, psychic energy cannot be created or destroyed in a big picture sense, however it may be dealt with in non-obvious ways. So, where does the infant’s, then the child’s, the adolescent’s, and adult’s energy get focused? Freud believed that as developm

Stage 4: Latency Stage, 6 years to puberty –> (approx.) The latency stage is the period of relative calm. The sexual and aggressive drives are less active and there is little in the way of psychosexual conflict. Stage 5: Genital Stage, post puberty Physical focus: genitals Psychological theme: maturity and creation and enhancement of life. So this is not just about creating new life (reproduction) but also about intellectual and artistic creativity. The task is to learn how to add something constructive to life and society. Adult character: The genital character is not fixed at an earlier stage. This is the person who has worked it all out. This person is psychologically well-adjusted and balanced. According to Freud to achieve this state you need to have a balance of both love and work. For more info on this topic visit http://psy101.MyUCCedu.com

What are defense mechanisms? Defense mechanisms are the unconscious psychological processes that people develop to relieve anxiety. What are the most common defense mechanisms? Among questionable forms of coping are the defense mechanism described by Freud. These are unconscious psychological processes, mental of symbolic, developed to relieve anxiety. They include the following: Common Defense Mechanisms (12 of 25) Repression: (The Primary Mechanism): The person tries to banish offending desires from conscious thought to the point of being totally unaware of the original desires. (Keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious) Ex. A traumatized soldier has no recollection of the details of a close brush with death. Rationalization: The person attempts to deal with a stressful situation by claiming that the stressor was of minimal importance and may even have had beneficial effects. (Creating false but plausible excuses to justify unacceptable behavior) Ex. a student who cheats on a

For more info on this topic visit http://psy101.MyUCCedu.com